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Case Summary
| Citation | Dharmendra Kumar v. Usha Kumar, 1977 |
| Keywords | |
| Facts | The wife had petitioned and obtained a decree of restitution. Later, she filed for divorce under section 13(1A). In defence to the petition for divorce under section 13(1A), the husband contended that it was the wife who had refused to stay with him, thereby rendering the decree for restitution ineffective. Her husband, the appellant before us, in his written statement admitted that there had been no restitution of conjugal rights between the parties after the passing of the decree in the earlier proceeding but stated that he made attempts “to comply with the decree by writing several registered letters to the petitioner” and “otherwise” inviting her to live with him. He complained that the petitioner “refused to receive some of the letters and never replied to those which she received,” and according to him the petitioner “has herself prevented the restitution of conjugal rights she prayed for and now seeks to make a capital out of her own wrong.” |
| Issues | Whether the petitioner is not in any way taking advantage of her own wrong for the reasons given in the written statement? |
| Contentions | |
| Law Points | The Supreme Court held that where the petition is under section 13(1A), the mere disinclination of a party to affect reunion as contemplated by a decree of restitution is not a wrong within section 23, and thus it does not disentitle that party to the relief. The wrong must consist of some serious misconduct. The Supreme Court did not accept the husband’s defence, holding that the word “wrong” in the above situation meant something more than a mere disinclination to agree to an offer of reunion. It must be conduct serious enough to justify denial of the relief to which the husband or the wife is otherwise entitled to. The question whether the wrong must be subsequent to the decree for restitution did not arise squarely before the court.The conduct of the petitioner spouse must be of such grave and weighty character, as in the opinion, of the court should disentitle such spouse from getting the relief. Held that the spouse against whom the decree for restitution has gone should not be deprived of relief under this provision on the ground of non-compliance with the same, unless such spouse is guilty of a “wrong” amounting to serious misconduct within the meaning of section 23(1)(a). The section, however, cannot be altogether taken out of the purview of section 23(1)(a). Where after a decree for restitution of conjugal rights in favour of the wife, the husband not only did not comply with the decree but ill-treated her and finally drove her out of the house; it was held that he was not entitled to any relief under the amended subsection. In order to be a “wrong” within the meaning of … [this clause], the conduct…alleged must be misconduct serious enough to justify denial of the relief to which the husband or the wife is otherwise entitled. In the case before us the only allegation made in the written statement is that the petitioner refused to receive or reply to the letters written by the appellant and did not respond to his other attempts to make her agree to live with him. This allegation, even if true,does not amount to misconduct grave enough to disentitle the petitioner to the relief she has asked for. The appeal is therefore dismissed. |
| Judgment | |
| Ratio Decidendi & Case Authority |
Full Case Details
A.C. GUPTA, J. – On her application made under Section 9 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, the respondent was granted a decree for restitution of conjugal rights by the Additional Senior Sub-Judge, Delhi, on August 27, 1973. A little over two years after that decree was passed on October 28, 1975 she presented a petition under Sec. 13(1A)(ii) of the Act in the Court of the Additional District Judge, Delhi, for the dissolution of the marriage by a decree of divorce. Section 13(1A)(ii) as it stood at the material time reads:
Either party to a marriage, whether solemnized before or after the commencement of this Act, may also present a petition for the dissolution of the marriage by a decree of divorce on the ground:
(ii) that there has been no restitution of conjugal rights as between the parties to the marriage for a period of two years or upwards after the passing of a decree for restitution of conjugal rights in a proceeding to which they were parties.
The provision was amended in 1976 reducing the period of two years to one year, but this amendment is not relevant to the present controversy. In the petition under Section 13(1A)(ii) she – we shall hereinafter refer to her as the petitioner – stated that there had been no restitution of conjugal rights between the parties to the marriage after the passing of the decree for restitution of conjugal rights and that there was no other legal ground why the relief prayed for should not be granted. Her husband, the appellant before us, in his written statement admitted that there had been no restitution of conjugal rights between the parties after the passing of the decree in the earlier proceeding, but stated that he made attempts “to comply with the decree (for restitution of conjugal rights) by writing several registered letters to the petitioner” and “otherwise” inviting her to live with him. He complained that the petitioner “refused to receive some of the letters and never replied to those which she received,” and according to him the petitioner “has herself prevented the restitution of conjugal rights she prayed for and now seeks to make a capital out of her own wrong.” The objection taken in the written statement is apparently based on Section 23(1)(a) of the Act.
(2) On the pleadings the following issue was raised as issue No.1:
“Whether the petitioner is not in any way taking advantage of her own wrong for the reasons given in the written statement?”
Subsequently the following additional issue was also framed:
Whether the objection covered by issue No. 1 is open to the respondent under the law?” This additional issue was heard as a preliminary issue. The additional District Judge, Delhi, who heard the matter, relying on a Full Bench decision of the Delhi High Court reported in ILR (1971) 1 Del. 6 [Ram Kali v. Gopal Dass], and a later decision of a learned single Judge of that court reported in AIR 1977 Del. 178 [Gajna Devi v. Purshotam Giri] held that no such circumstance has been alleged in the instant case from which it could be said that the petitioner was trying to take advantage of her own wrong and, therefore, the objection covered by issue No. 1 was not available to the respondent. The Additional District Judge accordingly allowed the petition and granted the petitioner a decree of divorce as prayed for. An appeal from this decision taken by the husband was summarily dismissed by the Delhi High Court. In this present appeal the husband questions the validity of the decree of divorce granted in favour of the petitioner.
3. Sec. 13(1A)(ii) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 allows either party to a marriage to present a petition for the dissolution of the marriage by a decree of divorce on the ground that there has been no restitution of conjugal rights as between the parties to the marriage for the period specified in the provision after the passing of the decree for restitution of conjugal rights. Sub-section (1A) was introduced in Sec. 13 by Section 2 of the Hindu Marriage (Amendment) Act, 1964. Section 13 as it stood before the 1964 amendment permitted only the spouse who had obtained the decree for restitution of conjugal rights to apply for relief byway of divorce; the party against whom the decree was passed was not given that right. The grounds for granting relief under Section 13 including sub-section (1A) however continue to be subject to the provisions of Section 23 of the Act. We have quoted above the part of Sec. 23 relevant for the present purpose. It is contended by the appellant that the allegation made in his written statement that the conduct of the petitioner in not responding to his invitations to live with him meant that she was trying to take advantage of her own wrong for the purpose of relief under Section 13 (1A)(ii). On the admitted facts, the petitioner was undoubtedly entitled to ask for a decree of divorce. Would the allegation, if true, that she did not respond to her husband’s invitation to come and live with him disentitle her to the relief? We do not find it possible to hold that it would. In Ram Kali case [ILR (1971) 1 Delhi 6] Full Bench of the Delhi High Court held that mere non-compliance with the decree for restitution does not constitute a wrong within the meaning of Section 23(1)(a). Relying on and explaining this decision in the later case of Gajna Devi v. Purshotam Giri a learned Judge of the same High Court observed:
Section 23 existed in the statute book prior to the insertion of Section 13(1A)…. Had Parliament intended that a party which is guilty of a matrimonial offence and against which a decree for judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights had been passed, was in view of Sec. 23 of the Act, not entitled to obtain divorce then it would have inserted an exception to Section 13(1A) and with such exception the provision of Section 13(1A) would practically become redundant as the guilty party could never reap benefit of obtaining divorce, while the innocent party was entitled toobtain it even under the statute as it was before the amendment. Section 23 of the Act, therefore, cannot be construed so as to make the effect of amendment of the law by insertion of Section 13(1A) nugatory.
(T)he expression “petitioner is not in any way taking advantage of his or her own wrong” occurring in Cl. (a) of S. 23(1) of the Act does not apply to taking advantage of the statutory right to obtain dissolution of the marriage which has been conferred on him by Sec. 13(1A)…. In such a case, a party is not taking advantage of his own wrong, but of the legal right following upon of the passing of the decree and the failure of the parties to comply with the decree….” In our opinion the law has been stated correctly in Ram Kali v. Gopal Das (supra) and Gajna Devi v. Purshotam Giri.Therefore, it would not be very reasonable to think that the relief which is available to the spouse against whom a decree for restitution has been passed, should be denied to the one who does not insist on compliance with the decree passed in his or her favour. In order to be a ‘wrong’ within the meaning of Section 23(1)(a), the conduct alleged has to be something more than a mere disinclination to agree to an offer of reunion, it must be misconduct serious enough to justify denial of the relief to which the husband or the wife is otherwise entitled.
4. In the case before us the only allegation made in the written statement is that the petitioner refused to receive or reply to the letters written by the appellant and did not respond to his other attempts to make her agree to live with him. This allegation, even if true, does not amount to misconduct grave enough to disentitle the petitioner to the relief she has asked for. The appeal is therefore dismissed.
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