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K.N. WANCHOO. J.
- The main contention on behalf of the appellants before us is that Section 17 of the Act
when it provides for the publication of an award is directory and not mandatory. In the
alternative, it is contended that even if Section 17 is mandatory some via media has to be found
in view of the conflict that would arise between an award published under Section 17(1) and a
settlement which is binding under Section 18(1) and therefore where there is a settlement which
is binding under Section 18(1), it would be open to the Government not to publish the award in
these special circumstances.
- Briefly the facts in Appeal No. 220 are that an order referring certain
disputes between the appellant and its workmen was made to the Industrial Tribunal, Andhra
Pradesh on 6-6-1956. The Tribunal sent its award to Government in September 1957. Under
Section 17 of the Industrial Disputes Act 14 of 1947, the award has to be published by the
appropriate Government within a period of thirty days from the date of its receipt by the
Government in such manner as the Government thinks fit. Before however the Government
could publish the award under Section 17, the parties to the dispute which had been referred for
adjudication came to a settlement and on 1-10-1957, a letter was written to Government signed
jointly on behalf of the employer and the employees intimating that the dispute which had been
pending before the Tribunal had been settled and a request was made to Government not to
publish the award. The Government however expressed its inability to withhold the publication
of the award, the view taken by the Government being that Section 17 of the Act was mandatory
and the Government was bound to publish the award. Thereupon the appellants filed writ
petitions before the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution praying that the
Government may be directed not to publish the award sent to it by the Industrial Tribunal. The
High Court held that Section 17 was mandatory and it was not open to Government to withhold
publication of an award sent to it by an Industrial Tribunal. Therefore it was not open to the High
Court to direct the Government not to publish the award when the law enjoined upon it to
publish it. The writ petitions were therefore dismissed. There were then applications for
certificates which were granted and that is how the matter has come up before us.
- We are of opinion that the first contention on behalf of the appellants, namely, that the publication
of the award under Section 17(1) is directory cannot be accepted. Section 17(1) lays down that every
award shall within a period of thirty days from the date of its receipt by the appropriate Government be
published in such manner as the appropriate Government thinks fit. The use of the “word” shall is a
pointer to Section 17(1) being mandatory, though undoubtedly in certain circumstances the word “shall”
used in a statute may be equal to the word “may”. In the present case, however it seems to us that when
the word “shall” was used in Section 17(1) the intention was to give a mandate to Government to publish
the award within the time fixed therein. This is enforced by the fact that sub-section (2) of Section 17
provides that “the award published under sub-section (1) shall be final and shall not be called in question
by any court in any manner whatsoever”. Obviously when the legislature intended the award on
publication to be final, it could not have intended that the Government concerned had the power to
withhold publication of the award. Further Section 17-A shows that whatever power the Government has
in the matter of an award is specifically provided in that section, which allows the Government in certain
circumstances to declare that the award shall not become enforceable on the expiry of thirty days from the
date of its publication, which under Section 17-A is the date of the enforceability of the award. Section
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17-A also envisages that the award must be published though the Government may declare in certain
contingencies that it may not be enforceable. Sub-section (2) of Section 17-A also gives power to
Government to make an order rejecting or modifying the award within ninety days from the date of its
publication. It is clear therefore reading Section 17 and Section 17-A together that the intention behind
Section 17(1) is that a duty is cast on government to publish the award within thirty days of its receipt and
the provision for its publication is mandatory and not merely directory. - This however does not end the matter, particularly after the amendment of the Act by Central Act
36 of 1956 by which Sections 18(1) was introduced in the Act. Section 18(1) provides that a settlement
arrived at by agreement between the employer and workmen otherwise than in the course of conciliation
proceeding shall be binding on the parties to the agreement. “Settlement” is defined in Section 2(p) as
meaning a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceeding and includes a written agreement
between the employer and workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding
where such agreement has been signed by the parties thereto in such manner as may be prescribed and a
copy thereof has been sent to the appropriate Government and the Conciliation Officer. When such an
agreement has been arrived at though not in the course of conciliation proceedings, it becomes a
settlement and Section 18(1) lays down that such a settlement shall be binding on the parties thereto.
Further Section l8(3) provides that an award which has become enforceable shall be binding on all parties
to the industrial dispute and others. Section 19(1) provides that a settlement comes into operation on such
date as is agreed upon by the parties to the dispute, and if no date is agreed upon, on the date on which the
memorandum of settlement is signed by the parties to the dispute. In the present case the settlement that
was arrived at between the parties to the dispute was signed on 1-10-1957, and as it had not fixed any date
for its coming into force, it became operative from 1-10-1957 itself and was binding on the parties to the
agreement who were also before the Industrial Tribunal and would be bound by the award after its
publication. - The contention on behalf of the appellant in the alternative is this. It is said that the main
purpose of the Act is to maintain peace between the parties in an industrial concern. Where
therefore parties to an industrial dispute have reached a settlement which is binding under
Section 18(1), the dispute between them really comes to an end. In such a case it is urged that the
settlement arrived at between the parties should be respected and industrial peace should not be
allowed to be disturbed by the publication of the award which might be different from the
settlement. There is no doubt that a settlement of the dispute between the parties themselves is to
be preferred where it can be arrived at to industrial adjudication, as the settlement is likely to
lead to more lasting peace than an award, as it is arrived at by the free will of the parties and is a
pointer to there being goodwill between them. Even though this may be so, we have still to
reconcile the mandatory character of the provision contained in Section 17(1) for the publication
of the award to the equally mandatory character of the binding nature of the settlement arrived at
between the parties as provided in Section 18(1). Ordinarily there should be no difficulty about
the matter, for if it settlement has been arrived at between the parties while the dispute is pending
before the tribunal, the parties would file the settlement before the tribunal and the tribunal
would make the award in accordance with the settlement. In State of Bihar v. D.N. Ganguly
[(1959) SCR 1191], dealing with an argument urged before this Court that where a settlement
has been arrived at between the parties while an industrial dispute is pending before a tribunal,
the only remedy for giving effect to such a settlement would be to cancel the reference, this
Court observed that though the Act did not contain any provision specifically authorising the
Industrial Tribunal, to record a compromise and pass an award in its terms corresponding to the
provisions of Order 23 Rule 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure, it would be very unreasonable to
assume that the Industrial Tribunal would insist upon dealing with the dispute on the merits even
after it is informed that the dispute has been amicably settled between the parties, and there can
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be no doubt that if a dispute before a tribunal is amicably settled, the tribunal would immediately
agree to make an award in terms of the settlement between the parties. In that case this Court
dealt with what would happen if a settlement was arrived at while the matter was pending before
the tribunal. The difficulty arises in the present case because the proceedings before the Tribunal
had come to an end, and the Tribunal had sent its award to Government before the settlement
was arrived at on 1-10-1957. There is no provision in the Act dealing with such a situation just as
there was no provision in the Act dealing with the situation which arose where the parties came
to an agreement while the dispute was pending before the Tribunal. This Court held in Ganguly
case that in such a situation the settlement or compromise would have to be filed before the
Tribunal and the Tribunal would make an award thereupon in accordance with the settlement.
Difficulty however arises when the matter has gone beyond the purview of the Tribunal as in the
present case. That difficulty in our opinion has to be resolved in order to avoid possible conflict
between Section 18(1) which makes the settlement arrived at between the parties otherwise than
in the course of conciliation proceeding binding on the parties and the terms of an award which
are binding under Section 18(3) on publication and which may not be the same as the terms of
the settlement binding under Section 18(1). The only way in our view to resolve the possible
conflict which would arise between a settlement which is binding under Section 18(1) and an
award which may become binding under Section 18(3) on publication is to withhold the
publication of the award once the Government has been informed jointly by the parties that a
settlement binding under Section 18(1) has been arrived at. It is true that Section 17(1) is
mandatory and ordinarily the Government has to publish an award sent to it by the Tribunal; but
where a situation like the one in the present cases arises which may lead to a conflict between a
settlement under Section 18(1) and an award binding under Section 18(3) on publication, the
only solution is to withhold the award from publication. This would not in our opinion in any
way affect the mandatory nature of the provision in Section 17(1), for the Government would
ordinarily have to publish the award but for the special situation arising in such cases. - The matter may be looked at in another way. The reference to the Tribunal is for the
purpose of resolving the dispute that may have arisen between employers and their workmen.
Where a settlement is arrived at between the parties to a dispute before the Tribunal after the
award has been submitted to Government but before its publication, there is in fact no dispute
left to be resolved by the publication of the award. In such a case, the award sent to Government
may very well be considered to have become infructuous and so the Government should refrain
from publishing such an award because no dispute remains to be resolved by it. - It is however urged that the view we have taken may create a difficulty inasmuch as it is
possible for one party or the other to represent to the Government that the settlement has been
arrived at as a result of fraud, misrepresentation or undue influence or that it is not binding as the
workmen’s representative had bartered away their interests for personal considerations. This
difficulty, if it is a difficulty, will always be there even in a case where a settlement has been
arrived at ordinarily between the parties and is binding under Section 18(1), even though no
dispute has been referred in that connection to a tribunal. Ordinarily however such difficulty
should not arise at all, if we read Sections 2(p), 18(1) and 19(1) of the Act together. Section 2(p)
lays down what a settlement is and it includes “a written agreement between the employer and
workmen arrived at otherwise than in the course of conciliation proceeding where such
agreement has been signed by the parties thereto in such manner as may be prescribed and a
copy thereof has been sent to the appropriate government and the Conciliation Officer”.
Therefore the settlement has to be signed in the manner prescribed by the rules and a copy of it
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has to be sent to the Government and the Conciliation Officer. This should ordinarily ensure that
the agreement has been arrived at without any of those defects to which we have referred above,
if it is in accordance with the rules. Then Section 18(1) provides that such a settlement would be
binding between the parties and Section 19(1) provides that it shall come into force on the date it
was signed or on the date on which it says that it shall come into force. Therefore as soon as an
agreement is signed in the prescribed manner and a copy of it is sent to the Government and the
Conciliation Officer it becomes binding at once on the parties to it and comes into operation on
the date it is signed or on the date which might be mentioned in it for its coming into operation.
In such a case there is no scope for any inquiry by Government as to the bona fide character of
the settlement which becomes binding and comes into operation once it is signed in the manner
provided in the rules and a copy is sent to the Government and the Conciliation Officer. The
settlement having thus become binding and in many cases having already come into operation,
there is no scope for any enquiry by the Government as to the bona fides of the settlement. In
such a case in view of the possibility of conflict between the settlement in view of its binding
nature under Section 18(1) and an award which might become binding on publication under
Section 18(3), the proper course for the Government is to withhold the award from publication to
avoid this conflict. If any dispute of the nature referred to above arises as to a settlement, that
would be another industrial dispute, which the Government may refer for adjudication and if on
such an adjudication the settlement is found not to be binding under Section 18(1) of the Act it
will always be open to the Government then to publish the award which it had withheld, though
we do not think that such instances are likely to be anything but extremely rare. We are therefore
of opinion that though Section 17(1) is mandatory and the Government is bound to publish the
award received by it from an Industrial Tribunal, the situation arising in a case like the present is
of an exceptional nature and requires reconciliation between Section 18(1) and Section 18(3),
and in such a situation the only way to reconcile the two provisions is to withhold the publication
of the award, as a binding settlement has already come into force in order to avoid possible
conflict between a binding settlement under Section 18(1) and a binding award under Section
18(3). In such a situation we are of opinion that the Government ought not to publish the award
under Section 17(1) and in cases where government is going to publish it, it can be directed, not
to publish the award in view of the binding settlement arrived at between the parties under
Section 18(1) with respect to the very matters which were the subject-matter of adjudication
under the award. We therefore allow the appeals and direct the Government not to publish the
awards sent to it by the Industrial Tribunal in these cases in view of the binding nature of the
settlements arrived at between the parties under Section 18(1) of the Act.
